A formal characterization of SI-based ROWA replication protocols

Snapshot isolation (SI) is commonly used in some commercial DBMSs with a multiversion concurrency control mechanism since it never blocks read-only transactions. Recent database replication protocols have been designed using SI replicas where transactions are firstly executed in a delegate replica and their updates (if any) are propagated to the rest of the replicas at commit time; i.e. they follow the Read One Write All (ROWA) approach. This paper provides a formalization that shows the correctness of abstract protocols which cover these replication proposals. These abstract protocols differ in the properties demanded for achieving a global SI level and those needed for its generalized SI (GSI) variant ¿ allowing reads from old snapshots. Additionally, we propose two more relaxed properties that also ensure a global GSI level. Thus, some applications can further optimize their performance in a replicated system while obtaining GSI. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.The authors wish to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments that helped us to greatly improve the quality and readability of this paper. This work has been supported by the Spanish Government under research grant TIN2009-14460-C03. Besides, the authors wish to thank the reviewers for their valuable comments that helped us to greatly improve the quality and readability of this paper.Armendáriz-Iñigo, J.; Juárez-Rodríguez, J.; González De Mendívil, J.; Garitagoitia, J.; Irún Briz, L.; Muñoz Escoí, FD. (2011). A formal characterization of SI-based ROWA replication protocols. Data and Knowledge Engineering. 70(1):21-34. doi:10.1016/j.datak.2010.07.012S213470

Ultradeformable lipid vesicles localize amphotericin B in the dermis for the treatment of infectious skin diseases

Cutaneous fungal and parasitic diseases remain challenging to treat, as available therapies are unable to permeate the skin barrier. Thus, treatment options rely on systemic therapy, which fail to produce high local drug concentrations but can lead to significant systemic toxicity. Amphotericin B (AmB) is highly efficacious in the treatment of both fungal and parasitic diseases such as cutaneous leishmaniasis but is reserved for parenteral administration in patients with severe pathophysiology. Here, we have designed and optimized AmB-transfersomes [93.5% encapsulation efficiency, 150 nm size, and good colloidal stability (-35.02 mV)] that can remain physicochemically stable (>90% drug content) at room temperature and 4 °C over 6 months when lyophilized and stored under desiccated conditions. AmB-transfersomes possessed good permeability across mouse skin (4.91 ± 0.41 μg/cm2/h) and 10-fold higher permeability across synthetic Strat-M membranes. In vivo studies after a single topical application in mice showed permeability and accumulation within the dermis (>25 μg AmB/g skin 6 h postadministration), indicating the delivery of therapeutic amounts of AmB for mycoses and cutaneous leishmaniasis, while a single daily administration in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infected mice over 10 days, resulted in excellent efficacy (98% reduction in Leishmania parasites). Combining the application of AmB-transfersomes with metallic microneedles in vivo increased the levels in the SC and dermis but was unlikely to elicit transdermal levels. In conclusion, AmB-transfersomes are promising and stable topical nanomedicines that can be readily translated for parasitic and fungal infectious diseases

7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two

No abstract availabl

Registro ACESUR: atención de pacientes adultos con crisis epilépticas en servicios de urgencias: diferencias entre primer episodio y recurrencia

Objetivo. Describir las características y la atención recibida de pacientes adultos que consultan por crisis epiléptica (CE) en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH), diferenciando entre primera crisis y recurrencia en epiléptico conocido. Método. ACESUR es un registro observacional de cohortes multipropósito, prospectivo y multicéntrico con un muestreo sistemático, los días pares de febrero y julio alternando con los impares de abril y octubre de 2017. Se incluyeron pacientes 18 años con diagnóstico de CE en los SUH. Se recogieron variables clínico-asistenciales de la visita índice de pacientes, distinguiendo entre primera CE y recurrencia en epiléptico. Resultados. El registro ACESUR recogió a 664 pacientes procedentes de 18 SUH españoles, 229 (34, 5%) con primera CE y 435 (65, 5%) con CE recurrentes. Los pacientes con primera CE fueron de mayor edad (p < 0, 001), presentaron motivos de consulta distintos (p < 0, 001) y requirieron más traslados en ambulancia (p < 0, 001). La atención recibida en el SUH fue diferente, en pacientes con primera CE se solicitó con mayor probabilidad una prueba complementaria específica (OR ajustada = 13, 94; IC95%:7, 29-26, 7; p < 0, 001) y se necesitó mayor hospitalización o estancia prolongada en el SUH (OR ajustada = 1, 69; IC95%:1, 11-2, 58; p = 0, 015). No hubo diferencias en cuanto al tratamiento farmacológico en fase aguda ni preventivo (OR ajustada = 1, 40; IC95%:0, 94-2, 09; p = 0, 096). Se inició tratamiento con fármacos antiepiépticos (FAE) en 100 pacientes (43, 7%) tras primera CE y se reinició o modificó añadiendo nuevo FAE en 142 pacientes (32, 6%) con CE recurrentes. Conclusiones. Las características clínicas y la atención recibida de pacientes adultos con primera CE en SUH en España difieren de las recurrencias en epiléptico conocido. Objective. To describe the characteristics of care received by patients who come to the emergency department with a first epileptic seizure versus a recurrent seizure in a patient with diagnosed epilepsy. Methods. ACESUR (Acute Epileptic Seizures in the Emergency Department) is a prospective multicenter, multipurpose registry of cases obtained by systematic sampling on even days in February and July 2017 and on odd days in April and October 2017. Patients were aged 18 years or older and had an emergency department diagnosis of epileptic seizure. We recorded clinical variables and details related to care given during each patient''s visit, including whether the event was a first or recurrent seizure. Results. A total of 664 patients attended by 18 Spanish emergency departments were entered into the ACESUR registry. Two hundred twenty-nine (34.5%) were first seizures and 435 (65.5%) were recurrences. Patients who were attended for first seizures were older, consulted for a wider variety of reasons, and were transported in ambulances (P<.001, all comparisons). Care received differed between patients with first seizures versus recurrent seizures. Specific complementary testing was more likely in patients with first seizures (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 13.94; 95% CI, 29-26.7; P<.001), and they were more often hospitalized or stayed longer in the emergency department, (aOR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.11-2.58; P=.015). Pharmacologic treatment did not differ between the groups, either in the acute phase or for prevention (aOR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.94-2.09; P=.096). Antiepileptic drugs were given to 100 patients (43.7%) after a first seizure and were restarted or changed in 142 patients with recurrent seizure (32.6%). Conclusions. The clinical characteristics of adults attended for a first epileptic seizure differ from those of patients with diagnosed epilepsy who were attended for recurrent seizures in Spain. The care received also differs

Ultradeformable Lipid Vesicles Localize Amphotericin B in the Dermis for the Treatment of Infectious Skin Diseases

Cutaneous fungal and parasitic diseases remain challenging to treat, as available therapies are unable to permeate the skin barrier. Thus, treatment options rely on systemic therapy, which fail to produce high local drug concentrations but can lead to significant systemic toxicity. Amphotericin B (AmB) is highly efficacious in the treatment of both fungal and parasitic diseases such as cutaneous leishmaniasis but is reserved for parenteral administration in patients with severe pathophysiology. Here, we have designed and optimized AmB-transfersomes [93.5% encapsulation efficiency, 150 nm size, and good colloidal stability (-35.02 mV)] that can remain physicochemically stable (>90% drug content) at room temperature and 4 °C over 6 months when lyophilized and stored under desiccated conditions. AmB-transfersomes possessed good permeability across mouse skin (4.91 ± 0.41 μg/cm2/h) and 10-fold higher permeability across synthetic Strat-M membranes. In vivo studies after a single topical application in mice showed permeability and accumulation within the dermis (>25 μg AmB/g skin 6 h postadministration), indicating the delivery of therapeutic amounts of AmB for mycoses and cutaneous leishmaniasis, while a single daily administration in Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis infected mice over 10 days, resulted in excellent efficacy (98% reduction in Leishmania parasites). Combining the application of AmB-transfersomes with metallic microneedles in vivo increased the levels in the SC and dermis but was unlikely to elicit transdermal levels. In conclusion, AmB-transfersomes are promising and stable topical nanomedicines that can be readily translated for parasitic and fungal infectious diseases

A Single Amino Acid In The beta 1 Chain Of HLA-DR Explains The Majority Of The HLA Association With Giant Cell Arteriti

Pathophysiology and treatment of rheumatic disease

The Functional PTPN22 Variant R620W Is Strongly Associated With Giant Cell Artetitis Predisposition

Pathophysiology and treatment of rheumatic disease

Identification of the PTPN22 functional variant R620W as susceptibility genetic factor for giant cell arteritis

Pathophysiology and treatment of rheumatic disease